Azaustre
Joaquín Pérez. Puente Genil March, 2007
His eyes had that heroic shadow of the times in which they shared the cafés, where Madrid lived in Hive Cela before the write. Had a name of actor and poet, but like many actors and poets began to study law before the war subsided smell him out of the classroom, the slowness of the board that flight gave little interpretation. Soon after, hunger and war, and friendship in the University Theatre with Fernando Fernan Gomez, who was to mark the rest of his life. A mother died, for months, with him, the Madrid of Gijón, actors and all those people from diffuse thinning and bad life, that whole horizon of nerve and doom that lit the night with a glass of wine to Claudio Rodríguez. Beardless boys were still at war and men in the Spain of desolation, which only met in cafes, was before he decided to send threshold in Gijón, when their kings were Perico Beltrán and Fernando Gomez, but also poets 50 and Cordoba Manuel Alvarez Ortega, who was translated into French symbolists when everything in Spain was a disaster symbolism too obvious meaning.
In do we mean by Haruki Murakami run refers to those novelists who have to be gaining muscle strength based on the record, digging with pick and shovel, until one day they hit a spring. If writing has some hard work, through a deal with some materials difficult to handle, what is what happens when all the craftsmanship, hard and sustained, is carried out, in addition to faith, with an impressive talent for mean? What happens is Leonardo Padura, and the source is not only found a brightness, but a brilliant top loneliness. If anything was clear earlier in his novels was that Leonardo Padura dominated the scaffolding, his weapons of writer, the pick and shovel to build a character and their situations, a porous and sensory landscape inhabited for reading, but also when they have already spent months and even years, since he closed the book. Already Goodbye, Hemingway , all that skill was serving a greater challenge: the reconstruction of a character known by everyone from the admiration and disappointment that any reader of Hemingway have ever experienced in your life, and convinced real job as a writer of a new version of the character, while the usual, walked back to Finca Vigia the last night of the shooting. SHELF
Memory is the indirect light of the fence, the limit on the lookout for future instant. Once said Jaime Gil de Viedma that the subjects of his work were "the passage of time and I", which is saying something and that is nothing, because the passage of time and self is the synthesis of any writing, by top of aesthetic variety. Antonio Machado, a poet who was very akin Biedermann, could have said exactly the same, but also Juan Ramón Jiménez, not so close to Jaime Gil de Viedma, simplifying the most of all his writing, including prose and its final stage could also say: because even poetry Language is becoming the realm of self, both suffered and enjoyed as Emily Dickinson, a great poet with his reverie not quite nice. One, when you write, why write? | Susan Abad from Bogota |
| In his inauguration on August 7, Juan Manuel Santos President was emphatic in ensuring that his government would be five locomotives that would draw to Colombia towards progress: housing, infrastructure, mining, agriculture and innovation. According to environmental experts, in the case of mining, running towards progress is leaving the rails under the environmental and cultural sustainability of the country. Colombia retains the largest coal reserves in Latin America, in addition to owning gold, silver, platinum, emeralds, nickel, copper, iron, manganese, lead, zinc and titanium. "This wealth, coupled with favorable laws governing this activity, means that today 40% of the territory is required to make mining concession," says a News Allied Mario Valencia, the Colombian Network front of the big mining Crime (RECLAIM). Official figures confirm that the exploitation of minerals is big business in Colombia. Trade authorities have revealed that over 85% of foreign investment in the country is in the extraction of minerals and hydrocarbons. Statistics show that between 2002 and 2009 investment in this sector rose from U.S. $ 466 million to $ 3 billion and exports grew from $ 2.8 billion to $ 8.1 billion. "The only priority economic laws," said Juana Diaz, spokeswoman for the Office of Territories and Biodiversity of the National Indigenous Organization of Colombia (ONIC). "In 2001 was amended by the Mining Code to the law 685 which was very successful for large companies. Is lost then the primacy of state ownership of mining territories and the inclusion of elements of environmental protection and recognition of artisanal mining areas. It also puts some demands can be met only multinational companies in terms of infrastructure, machinery and more serious still, eliminated the requirement for an environmental license for exploration. " Major impacts However, the economic boom "does not reconcile with the environmental and social and there are many other costs that are difficult to valued. You are extracting non-renewable natural resources causing a major impact on the collective heritage of Colombians. Mining titles are issued without any rigor, without any qualification. System has been plagued by lack of vision and irregularities, "says Juan Mayr, former environment minister and advisor to the Development Programme (UNDP). TNCs have concessions for more than 43.000 km ². "To cite a single case, the [South African mining] Anglo Gold Ashanti is 690.000 Ha concession Gramalote projects in Antioquia and Tolima in the La Colosa, in round numbers, a vast territory with impact political and economic issues and that explains much of the social conflicts that are living in the world of mining and may well become worse, "says a News Allied Senator Jorge Robledo, the Alternative Democratic Pole. "People are paying and will pay high costs that can not be valued by the economy," warns Marco Avirama indigenous Senator. "In the process of exploration and mining, and due to machinery, vehicles and technology employees strongly affects the stability of the soil and its fauna, flora and water causing the disappearance of the local ecosystem, with no chance of recovery. In For gold mining requires large amounts of water to separate it from other elements and is also used cyanide and mercury to reach the river becomes a major pollutant. " According to the Organization of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), the excessive gold mining in Colombia has led the country from becoming more contaminated by mercury in the world. Measurements made by the agency last year determined that in the municipality of Segovia, Antioquia department, a former gold mining area, as many as 10 to 20 times the range of 10,000 nanograms of mercury per cubic meter of air permitted by World Health Organization. Water resources are also seriously threatened by large-scale exploitation. Case in point is the struggle that has maintained the population of the northeastern department of Santander, which requires the government not to issue an environmental permit for the project in which the Canadian company Grey Star aims to draw more than 500,000 ounces of gold a year to exploit the sites located in the Santurbán Paramo, valuable ecosystem protected by the Constitution, where more than 40 lakes, hundreds of streams and varied and abundant vegetation and retaining water scavenger. "With the operation is put at risk sources aqueduct aquifers that supply the metropolitan cities of Cucuta [in Norte de Santander] and Bucaramanga [Santander], of which 1.6 million people depend, "said Robledo. "It will use 40 tons of cyanide each day, 230 tons of ANFO. It will blow up 1.075 million MT of soil in the first phase, it also carried out in an area of \u200b\u200bwilderness and nature reserve which is forbidden. " "At the same time that impact the environment also affect our cultural values," says Avirama. "The social and productive structures are altered. The peasant, indigenous or African descent are deprived of water and land several times by their own colleagues who work in informal mining or have 'sold' to big business. Besides bringing investment companies and bring the money they generate customs that are not commensurate with the lifestyle and traditional customs of the people. " Dispossession and displacement Another disadvantage to the Allied News interviewed expressed is the presence of illegal armed groups, attracted by the movement of money, settle in the region to extort, or in some cases by serving the transnational. "It is consolidating a dispossession of land, [while] is establishing a foreign investment, especially in mining and oil palm, which is related to forced displacement, "said Jorge Rojas, director of the Consultancy for Human Rights and Displacement (CODHES). "About 32% of the 280,000 people displaced in Colombia occurred in 2010 occurred in areas where these two economic activities has markedly increased." Within this framework, the government took measures such as initiating surprise visits to the mines, revocation of permission by insecurity, increased amount of fines and provides for the creation of the National Agency for Mineral-to regularize small mining, which it says is the largest polluter, sega more lives by its informality and has become a new source of funding for the illegal groups. However, Valencia believes that it is a way out of business these miners to give concessions to big business. "In Colombia there are over 2 million small-scale miners, small-scale, long have survived through this activity, and the government is trying to take away that support and deliver the holding to large mining projects," says . "By putting has been rigged in the same sack of gold mining and illegal, then acquire permission to pursue them equally and paves the way to the big multinationals. -Latinamerica. |